thePEBBLE - 06/02/06 - Around The Net
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The Saga Of Pinehill, The Adventure
This is a page turner you don't want to put down.
Get your copy today! It will change your life. Go to
http://www.the-pebble.com OR order yours from
your favorite bookstore. ISBN # 1-4137-4723-X
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GOLF - GOLF - GOLF - GOLF - That time of year again!
YES - its true! PGA Pro Brian Hall's new e-Course "Simple Golf Made Easy"
GUARANTEES to slash shots off your golf score ... or your money back!
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Hope this helps you 'get out of the rough' with your golf game!
Regards
Ken Darby
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TODAY'S TRIVIA - - -
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Why do we call a farewell appearance or final act a "swan
song"?
What is the origin of the phrase "no room to swing a cat"?
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ANSWERS TO YESTERDAY'S TRIVIA - - - -
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Why does Wonder Woman have a lasso that forces people to
tell the truth?
Wonder Woman was created by the psychologist who also
invented the lie detector: William Moulton Marston. It was
natural for him to give her the superhero version of the lie
detector. Moulton was convinced, by the way, that women were
more honest and reliable than men.
Why do we put money in a "piggy bank"?
The piggy bank has its origin in the Middle Ages, when
people stored money in a "pygg jar," so called because it
was made out of a clay called pygg. In the 18th century, the
English began storing money in a "pig bank" that actually
looked like the animal.
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I'LL SEE IT WHEN I BELIEVE IT!
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There are a lot of ways to become a failure,
but never taking a chance is the most successful.
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thePEBBLE CONTENTS:
1. STRANGE BITS AND PIECES!
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2. TITLE ARTICLE - - -
Around The Net
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3. MEDICAL COLUMN by Karin Henderson
Bioburden: How Much Is Too Much
How Many Bugs (Micro-organisms) Create A Problem
PART 8 of 11
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4. PERCEPTIONS by Ken Darby
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5. WHY DO WE SAY IT?
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6. THINK ABOUT THIS TODAY!
7. HA! HA!HA!
8. CONTACT INFO
9. THE LAST LINE - - - - -
Get The Saga Of Pinehill, The Adventure
http://the-pebble.com/SAGA/sagamain.html
OR get it at your favorite bookstore. Ask for
ISBN# 1-4137-4723-X from Publish America
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STRANGE BITS AND PIECES!
A cockroach can change directions up to 25 times in a
second.
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A Note From Dr Shaler (Click on the link. You will enjoy it)
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TITLE ARTICLE . . .
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Around The Net
Here we have a couple interesting articles. The first deals
with "bugs making fuel from chocolate". Hershey will love
that one.
The second deals with reclaiming the everglades. It deals
with a lot of climate warming information.
Enjoy - - -
Chocolate generates electrical power
Willy Wonka could have powered his Great Glass Elevator on
hydrogen produced from his chocolate factory.
Microbiologist Lynne Mackaskie and her colleagues at the
University of Birmingham in the UK have powered a fuel cell
by feeding sugar-loving bacteria chocolate-factory waste.
"We wanted to see if we tipped chocolate into one end, could
we get electricity out at the other?" she says.
The team fed Escherichia coli bacteria diluted caramel and
nougat waste. The bacteria consumed the sugar and produced
hydrogen, which they make with the enzyme hydrogenase, and
organic acids. The researchers then used this hydrogen to
power a fuel cell, which generated enough electricity to
drive a small fan (Biochemical Society Transactions, vol 33,
p 76).
The process could provide a use for chocolate waste that
would otherwise end up in a landfill. What's more, the
bacteria's job doesn't have to end once they have finished
chomping on the sweet stuff. Mackaskie's team next put the
bugs to work on a production line that recovers precious
metal from the catalytic converters of old cars.
Place the bacteria in a vat with hydrogen and liquid waste
from spent converters, and the enzymes again get to work.
The same hydrogenase used to produce hydrogen splits the gas
into its constituents, generating electrons that react with
palladium ions in the solution. This forces the palladium
out of the solution, and it sticks to the bacteria. The
palladium-coated bacteria can then be recycled as catalysts
for other projects, Mackaskie says.
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Sea change coming for the Everglades
By Dan Vergano, USA TODAY
FLAMINGO, Fla. —
The road to Paradise Prairie, site of a grand plan to
develop cheap land in a drained Everglades, was supposed to
go through this former fishing village. That plan went bust
decades ago, and the future here looks very, very soggy.
Now, Flamingo stands as the gateway to a more likely
destiny: the coming century of global warming, one that
climate researchers warn will bring higher temperatures,
extreme weather and sea levels rising high enough to doom
this toehold on the tip of South Florida.
GOING HAYWIRE: Huge climate shifts happen like a boat
tipping
To experts studying such rising water levels, "Flamingo is
kind of a canary in the coal mine," says Fred Herling,
National Park Service planner for the Everglades and Dry
Tortugas parks.
Still covered in a gray mud from last year's hurricanes,
Wilma and Katrina, condemned cottages and decrepit motel
rooms await the wrecking ball at Flamingo, which now is
primarily the site of an Everglades National Park recreation
center.
In an effort to reverse damage, the park service is
embarking on a $7.9 billion, 35-year plan to restore the
park's 1.4 million acres of federally protected wetlands and
10 million acres of the surrounding Everglades.
Man-made levees interrupt the natural, freshwater flow that
defines the dry and wet seasons, and efforts to drain the
wetlands by cutting canals to the coast have opened the door
to the rising sea, says geologist Harold Wanless of the
University of Miami.
The sea level has risen 9 inches in the past century on
Florida's southern coast, a rate six times faster than the
per-century rate over the previous 2,400 years, Wanless
says.
The trend is expected to accelerate because of warming,
which would expose the coast to even worse storm effects.
"It is not unreasonable to conclude from what we know now
that a 3- or 4- or 5-foot sea level rise in this century is
more than likely" for Flamingo and Cape Sable, Wanless says.
Cape Sable, a curved shield of sand and prairie that
comprises Florida's southwest corner, is the southernmost
point of the U.S. mainland. No part of Everglades National
Park is higher than 8 feet.
Nationwide, other coastal locales face similar changes. "We
could see the total devastation of our coastal system" of
barrier islands and overdeveloped seaside communities,
Wanless says.
Temperatures on the way up
The levels of so-called greenhouse gases, which are the
naturally occurring and man-made gases that capture heat in
the atmosphere, are at their highest in at least 650,000
years, according to a study published last year in Nature
magazine that examined Antarctic ice cores.
"Right now, given our accumulation of greenhouse gases, we
are inevitably committed to a certain amount of climate
change, even if we stabilized emissions today," says climate
scientist Gerry Meehl of the National Center for Atmospheric
Research in Boulder, Colo.
And if the world keeps on burning fossil fuels at its
current rate, which is the "business as usual" scenario used
by those studying climate changes, atmospheric
carbon-dioxide concentrations will double by 2100, according
to the Joint Global Change Research Institute at the
University of Maryland in College Park.
In April, an analysis led by Duke University climate
researcher Gabriele Hegerl examined climate sensitivity, an
indicator of how temperatures will respond to this doubling
of greenhouse gases. Based on reconstructions of climate
over the past 700 years, the analysis downplayed some
disturbing possibilities, finding it unlikely that
temperatures would rise more than 12 degrees.
"But we are still pointing towards a substantial change,"
Hegerl says. Her analysis suggests the average temperature
is more likely to increase about 5 degrees worldwide.
Today, hundreds of research groups are studying the global
effects of temperature increase in coming decades and
centuries.
A group led by Meehl and colleague Claudia Tebaldi has
published comparisons of global climate models that look at
the difference between conditions from 1960 to 1990 and
projections for 2080 to 2099.
So under these projections, what does the USA of 2100 look
like compared with recent decades?
•Temperatures. As one might expect, temperatures are warmer,
but some regions are hotter than others. Overall, average
temperatures nationwide could jump 4 degrees or more, a bit
below the global average. In the high plains and mountain
west, average temperatures may jump 7 degrees. The smallest
jump, around 3 degrees average increase, comes in tropical
parts of Florida such as Flamingo.
Hundreds of climate scientists and representatives of
nations, including the USA, signed off on a 2001 report by
the United Nations that said temperatures would increase,
most likely driven by man-made emissions of greenhouse
gases.
Some scientists disagree. In a speech last year at the
University of Michigan, Princeton physicist Freeman Dyson
called predictions "grossly exaggerated."
On the other hand, at least as many scientists, including
Tim Flannery, author of this year's The Weather Makers: How
Man Is Changing the Climate and What It Means for Life on
Earth, argue that mainstream models more likely
underestimate changes, saying temperatures probably will get
much hotter.
•Frost days. The Pacific Northwest in particular will see
fewer days when the thermometer falls below freezing.
Seattle may see as many as 50 fewer days. In the Midwest and
Southeast, the number of frost days drops by 10 to 20 days a
year, driven in part by a shift of high-pressure air on
Canada's western edge, which acts to funnel relatively
cooler air across the Great Lakes.
•Heat waves. They will be "more intense, more frequent and
more long-lasting," Meehl says. Models show Southern and
Western states will have more intense heat waves than the
rest of the country. Parts of those regions may experience
three or more heat waves in a typical year, compared with
one now.
•Rain and snow. New England may get 5 inches more of rain
and snow in a year than it does now, and parts of the
Southwest could see a decrease by the same amount. "The
intensity increases everywhere," Meehl says. "You can have
fewer events in an area, but when it does rain, it rains
hard."
One concern is that arid places may have a higher risk of
flash flooding.
•Sea level. The Environmental Protection Agency projects an
average increase of sea levels by 2 feet nationwide by 2100.
An analysis by climate researcher Jonathan Overpeck of the
University of Arizona-Tucson suggests a 3-foot increase is
more likely. That's bad news for low-lying New Orleans and
southern Florida, including Flamingo and Miami.
Worse, unless global warming is stabilized, increased
temperatures will have locked in enough heat by 2100 to
inevitably raise sea levels 20 feet by 2600, Overpeck says.
"Climate affects everything, so there will be tremendous
dislocations," says climate scientist Gavin Schmidt of
NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies in New York.
Growing seasons and everyday life, from house design to
water quality, will be affected.
"It is important to put these shifts in the context of the
past," Schmidt says. "The last time temperature shifted
globally (9 degrees during the last Ice Age), New York was
under a mile of ice. In the next hundred years, we'll see
maybe half that shift in temperature, and maybe that and
more.
"Think how much change we'll see," he says.
Where to start
The biggest unknown in looking ahead to 2100, Meehl says, is
how much carbon dioxide humankind will pour into the
atmosphere. "Every day that goes by without stabilizing
concentrations of greenhouse gases means we have a bigger
commitment to more climate change in the future," he says.
And despite increased interest in recent years in
hydrogen-fueled cars, windmills and biofuels made from
plants, it's very unlikely people won't be burning coal, oil
and natural gas in coming decades, says Jae Edmonds of the
Joint Global Change Research Institute. There's just too
much of the stuff, especially coal, too easily extracted
from the ground to expect humanity to stop burning fossil
fuels, he says.
"High oil prices alone won't solve the problem," Edmonds
says. "Society will choose one way or the other how to deal
with climate change. We may back into it. Or it may be a
conscious choice."
Princeton's Robert Socolow promotes a "wedge strategy,"
calling for society to concentrate on the most promising
technologies to cut carbon emissions. Options include wind
power, nuclear energy, biotech fuels, storing carbon dioxide
underground, even turning a biofuel-producing USA into the
"Saudi Arabia of sawgrass," Edmonds says.
"But the point is there is no obvious silver bullet, a
single technology that is going to solve every problem,"
Edmonds adds. "So, we need to look at all of them."
Some experts, such as James Howard Kunstler, author of The
Long Emergency: Surviving the End of Oil, Climate Change and
Other Converging Catastrophes of the Twenty-First Century,
foresee political breakdown and chaos.
But most, including Edmonds, think of climate change as an
uncertainty-plagued risk-management problem. People didn't
deal with acid rain, remove lead from gasoline or start
protecting the ozone layer until the benefits of doing so
were understood.
Everglades project
Until a 1920s land bust in southern Florida, Flamingo was
poised for prosperity as it waited for the Everglades to be
drained and a highway to be built to connect Miami to Cape
Sable.
Would-be land barons envisioned building a city named
Chevalier, sugar cane plantations on the cleared land called
Paradise Prairie and a railroad that would bring cargo from
ships that passed through the new Panama Canal, says Seth
Bramson, official historian of the Florida East Coast
Railway.
Now the chief concerns for the area are to restore boating
and lodging facilities for national park visitors and to
make the facilities more able to withstand hurricanes,
Herling says.
Debate over whether global warming is creating more intense
tropical storms worldwide has little bearing on Flamingo's
revival. "We can't tell visitors we're not going to restore
the park because of concerns decades away," Herling says.
The plan to restore the Everglades rests on the assumption
of a 1-foot rise in sea level by 2100, says Everglades
National Park chief Dan Kimball. Monitoring of the
restoration will allow adjustments in how the work proceeds.
But some everyday adaptations already are taking place.
Docks no longer will be nailed into place but will be yoked
to pilings, allowing them to float freely during storms.
Guest cottages wrecked by 9-foot waves from last year's
hurricanes may be replaced by semi-permanent "yurts,"
Herling says, tented structures with parts that can be taken
apart and stored as storms approach.
By 2100, Cape Sable and Flamingo, onetime aspiring gateways
to paradise, probably will be under water, Wanless says. The
rise in sea level means Cape Sable probably will be broken
up into spits of land and open water, he says.
"Once climate change gets moving, there's always a lag. It's
like leaving the fridge door open — things don't melt right
away. But we're doing things right now that will affect us
the rest of the century and beyond."
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Good humor is a breath of fresh air, to body and soul alike.
---- Ken Darby
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MEDICAL COLUMN - - - -
by Karin Henderson
Bioburden: How Much Is Too Much
How Many Bugs (Micro-organisms) Create A Problem
PART 8 of 11
Direct and indirect contact can also have Bioburden
measurements. In this case you touch the person
directly or you touch something that has relatively
high disease-causing bioburden, and then touch someone
else who is not as healthy as they should be. The
unhealthy person could then end up with the infection.
So touch is one way to spread an infection.
Harmful bugs or pathogens are everywhere. Learn things
to help you recognize some danger signs. Then be ready
with some prevention. In a hospital there is no time or
opportunity to look for them. So the intention is to
eliminate all predetermined places for them to live and
multiply. The goal is always to create a very hostile
environment.
As you can see from the examples above, the resting
spot for any pathogens can be any type of object:
animate or inanimate: living or not. Nothing much
happens if the “host” is inanimate unless its food and
temporary environment still provides a place to
survive. In an unfriendly environment, some grow a hard
shell (spore) and remain inactive till their living
conditions become friendly once more. Often the
micro-organisms just sit there until removed by
cleaning or an air current comes along and blows it to
a more favorable host. Can you understand now why
measuring the bioburden is vital?
One area that is often overlooked is general
ventilation. In a home, that’s not too difficult to
check out: have your furnace or air conditioner filters
changed. Thus possibility of sending along hostile
micro-organisms is reduced. But in a health care
facility, cross contamination can create severe
results. Fungi are becoming much more prevalent,
resulting in higher bioburden counts. The fungi grow
well in soil, leaves, and living plants. It enters a
facility through all sorts of routes. Here the
micro-organisms are inhaled by the susceptible host and
causes a respiratory disease. Most hospitals have
routines for changing filters on all equipment. But
often that is not the source or route they “travel”.
They might be just sitting on your overbed table in the
form of a lovely bouquet of flowers or coming in on the
fresh breeze through the open window.
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Karin Henderson is a registered nurse and is thePEBBLE's
columnist for our MEDICAL COLUMN.
We appreciate her input very much. Thanks Karin.
You can send Karin questions at
mailto:kflh@shaw.ca
Health Information Newsletter.
http://www.prescotts-inc.com
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PERCEPTIONS . . . by Ken Darby
-----------------------DISCLAIMER
Some around me think I am an opinionated old goat.
Whether that be true or not I will sometimes, in this column,
talk about things people don't like to talk about - or don't want
out in the open. Take it all with a grain of salt.
Do your own thinking, and don't accept the things I say as
gospel. They are only mental meanderings from a simple soul.
-----------------------END DISCLAIMER
Global warming, global terrorism and global pandemics. It
seems we are threatened from every angle.
The sum total of all this news aids in creating societies
that are on the verge of panic. It does not matter what
newspaper you pick up you will find news of this kind.
Overall, man can do nothing except realize fully the power
of one. That is to say that man can take pride in living his
own life correctly. He can fail to throw out garbage
anywhere he feels like. He can use water cautiously, he can
car pool, he can do many things to get back to doing things
natural.
Remember always, that to go inside and commune with your
Maker is the way to peace, happiness and prosperity. There
is no other way. That does not mean go to church. You can do
that if you wish. What it means is your Maker lives within
you and the sooner you establish communication the sooner
you shall be at peace and be protected.
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WHY DO WE SAY IT?
Vandal: What is the reason a person who needlessly destroys
property is called a "vandal"?
The term gets its meaning from a Teutonic tribe. In 455 A.D.
Genseric and his "Vandal" hordes captured Rome and mutilated
the public monuments of the city without regard to their
worth or beauty.
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THINK ABOUT THIS TODAY!
Never one thing and seldom one person can make for a
success. It takes a number of them merging into one
perfect whole.
Marie Dressler (1869-1934)
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HA! HA! HA!
40 more years to live
A middle-aged woman is in a terrible accident and is
rushed to the hospital. On the way there, her vital signs
fail. The doctors are able to revive her, but, while she is
gone, she sees God and he tells her she has 40 more
years to live.
Since she is in the hospital, anyway, and knows she's
going to be around for a while, she decides to use the
stay for self-improvement. She has a face-lift, a
fanny-lift, and breast implants. She looks completely
different after the operation.
She gets released from the hospital and, as she crosses
the street, is run over by a truck and killed.
When she sees God again, she says to him, 'I thought
you said I still have 40years left to live!'
To which God replies, 'Oh, I'm sorry ... I didn't recognize
you.'
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THE LAST LINE - - - - -
The whole is the sum of the parts, so be a good part.
Nate McConnell
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REMEMBER! - IF YOU SEE IT IN thePEBBLE - IT IS SO!
Simple is the decision, when you know of bountiful results.
Hard, when you must stand on principle and have no
vision of benefit.
---- Ken Darby
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